Sunday, January 26, 2020
How Does Exodus Story Reflect Gods Presence Religion Essay
How Does Exodus Story Reflect Gods Presence Religion Essay In many ways the narrative of Exodus Chapters 1-15 may be considered the birth story of Israel as a people. The book of Exodus opens with Israel suffering oppressively as slaves in Egypt, but in the end of the story (Exodus 14-15), the hand of God delivered them through the Reed Sea to a new life beginning at Mt. Sinai where they will become Gods covenant people. 1 1 Bruce C. Birch, Walter Brueggeman, Terence E. Fretheim David L. Petersen A Theological Introduction to the Old Testament Nashville, TN: Abingdom Press, 1999. P. 93 Verses 1à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Ë6 sum up the history of Israel as a clan, as described more thoroughly in Genesis chapters 12à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Ë50. These six verses remind us that all that is going to take place in Exodus is directly related to what has gone before as described in Genesis. The curse of God in Genesis 3 included hard toil, which is surely the lot of Israel in Egypt. The salvation of mankind, as promised also in Genesis 3, was through the birth of a child. So too it was through the birth of a child (Moses, Exod. 2) that God provided a deliverer for His people. As men strove to provide themselves with security and significance by the building of a city and a tower, using bricks and mortar, so Egypt sought to secure herself by forcing the Israelites to build cities with bricks and mortar (compare Gen. 11 with Exod. 1:14; 5:1). Most importantly, this portion of the introduction to the Book of Exodus (Exod. 1:1à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Ë6) links the existence and rapid growth of Israel as a nation to the covenant that God made with Abraham (Gen. 12:1à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Ë3), which He reiterated to the patriarchs (Gen. 26:2à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Ë5, 24; 28:13à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Ë15). The close of the Book of Genesis anticipated the situation existing at the opening of the Book of Exodus. A numerous people had developed from the twelve sons of Jacob. The Land had been promised to Abrahams descendants to be occupied when a people sufficient to inhabit and control it was ready. Exodus is the account of the final stage toward that readiness. It is the book of the birth of two special sons: Moses, the son of a couple from the tribe of Levi (2:1-2), and Israel, the firstborn son of the Most High God. Having become a numerous people, God brings forth a fledgling nation, created by His sovereign grace and cared for out of His steadfast love (1:1-18:27). The Exodus from Egypt constitutes the birth of Gods Son-Nation (1:1-15:21). Israel had been segregated in the land of Goshen as part of the divine plan for creating a unique people from the descendents of Abraham (Gen. 46:28-34) and had become a basically homogeneous entity over the course of the 430-year sojourn in Egypt. Harsh treatment by a Pharaoh unsympathetic to the children of Israel hurried the crisis that would result in their expulsion from the womb of Egypt. Yahweh for his part provides and prepares his deliverer for the eventual deliverance of the nation from Egyptian bondage (2:1-4:31). At this point the birth of the deliverer, Moses, becomes the focus of the book. Moses is cast out by his mother and then taken in by none other than Pharaohs daughter. As Egypt had been used providentially to care for the clan of Abraham so the King of Egypt would afford a Hebrew child the best that the country had to offer in terms of upbringing and education (2:1-10). However, before Moses could lead Israel out of Egypt he himself had to experience exile as he fled from a fearful Pharaoh until God is ready to deliver His people from under a hostile, oppressive king (2:11-4:17). Finally, Moses is appointed as Israels deliverer (3:1-4:17). The appointment of Moses to his task occurs in three phases. All three stages were necessary in order to galvanize this 80 years old man to act on behalf of the LORD God of his fathers (3:15). First, Moses is confronted with the holiness of Yahweh at the burning bush as the mountain of God (3:1-5). Secondly, Moses is asses of the loyal love of Yahweh for his people and called to participate in it (3:6-10). The third phase consisted of Yahweh dispelling four objections that Moses raises regarding his own inadequacy for the task (3:11-4:17), each objection being countered by some aspect of Yahwehs person or purpose. Finally, Aaron is appointed as Moses Spokesman (4:14). By divine revelation God instructed Aaron to meet Moses in the wilderness (4:27). They met on the holy mountain of God. Where Moses had to share the most recent events of his life, especially his encounter with God at the burning bush, the commission he had been given to deliver Israel, and the part which Aaron was to play in it all. Together they both went back to Egypt to petition Pharaoh for the release of Yahwehs firstborn Israel (4:18-31). This image underscores the fact that the nation of Israel already existed in relationship to God. The impact of Gods presence can be seen in the shown down of the ten plaques as well as the crossing of the Reed Sea. Upon Pharaohs first refusal to let Israel go Yahweh reveals his plans for judging unbelief and encouraging the faith of the Israelites (5:1-6:1). God was about to reveal himself in the characteristic embodied in the name YHWH. The purpose of the first encounter was realized, and life got tougher. However, Israel was not yet ready to take YHWH at his word (6:9). With Moses and Aaron already being stretched in their faith, the Lord reissues the command to go to Pharaoh and demand release for Israel (6:10-11). When they object, the Lord restates his expectations (6:13) along with an explanation of his strategy (6:28- 7:7). As one who stands in the place of God to Pharaoh (7:1) Moses will have a ringside seat to the struggle of the unbelieving heart. It is through the stubbornness of this Pharaoh that Yahweh will effect deliverance to Israel, and manifest himself to the w hole nation of Egypt (7:4-5). Moses and Aaron did respond to the revelation of Gods plan and submit to his command (7:6). In the second encounter with Pharaoh Moses announces plagues against the land and its gods in order to secure Israels release (7:8-10:29). The plagues against Egypt were miraculous interventions of the sovereign God of the universe. They were designed to demonstrate the uniqueness of the God of Israel and to deliver the people of Israel from their oppressive hosts. The whole pantheon of Egyptian gods, not least of which was the Pharaoh himself, was being shown to be impotent in the presence of the God of Israel. Finally, Moses last encounter with Pharaoh was the announcement of the plague of the death of all Egypts firstborn, along with the institution of the Passover (11:1-12:36). The tenth plague is set apart from the nine because it is the decisive act of judgment against Pharaoh and the Egyptians, and also it would hold special historical and theological significance for Israel throughout their history through its association with the Passover (12:1-28). The Hebrews calendar woul d now name this as the first month (12:2). The feast would be an everlasting memorial of redemption (12:14) and would remind the nation that her oppressor had been judged for its unbelief (12:23, 27). In addition the associated feast of Unleavened Bread would remind them of their deliverance in haste from Egypt unto a prolonged experience under the blessing of Yahweh. Redemption by blood (from the guilt of sin) on the night of Passover would be matched by redemption by power (from the death of slavery) at the Reed Sea. As promised, the tenth plague is inflicted and the firstborn of man and beast dies (12:29-30) forcing Pharaoh to comply with Yahwehs command, with the consent of the rest of the Egyptians (12:31-36). Though the physical exodus of the people is not really completed at this point, the narrative recounts the first movement of the nation (12:37). Before resuming the actual exodus narrative, additional material is communicated, from the Lord to Moses (12:43-13:2) and from Moses to the people (13:3-16) concerning the Feasts of Passover and Unleavened Bread, and the sanctification of the firstborn. These become the memorials of Israels redemption from Egypt. Having been sparred in the Passover by the blood of the lamb, Israel experiences the completion of her deliverance out of bondage by the power of God as he destroys the pursuing Egyptians (13:17-15:21) portraying him as a divine warrior (15:3) in their song of liberation. Finally, in assessing how God dealt with the characters in the narratives, He chooses Joseph to begin Israels migration to Egypt (Gen. 50:19-20; Exodus 1:5); Pharaoh King of Egypt so as to demonstrate his sovereignty (1:8); Shiphrah and Puah to disregard the Pharaohs decree (1:15); Jochebed to birth Moses (2:2); hide him (2:3) and nursed him (2:9); Pharaohs daughter to adopt and raise Moses (2:5-10); Miriams to keep watch over Moses (2:4); Moses as Israels deliverer (3:10); Aaron as Moses spokesman (4:14); Zipporah, Moses wife to perform circumcision on their son to save Moses from the wrath of God (4:25-26); and Jethro, Moses father-in-law to confess that Yahweh is Supreme (18:9-12). The statement about God hardening Pharaohs heart is often characterized as unfair on the part of the Divine Sovereign with respect to allowing for repentance and faith (4:21; 7:3; 9:12). However, it must be observed that Pharaoh hardened his own heart at least seven times (7:13, 14, 22; 8:15, 19, 32; 9:7) before the Lord took similar action (9:12). Pharaoh was responsible for his own unbelief and therefore fell under the righteous judgment of God. The Lords hardening of Pharaohs heart (after the monarchs unbelief was settled) served to heighten the judgment of the plagues so as to more effectively display His own power and majesty, which in the long run may have actually brought others to repentance. ____________________________________________________________________________
Friday, January 17, 2020
The Base Stock Model
The Base Stock Model 1 Assumptions ? Demand occurs continuously over time ? Times between consecutive orders are stochastic but independent and identically distributed (i. i. d. ) ? Inventory is reviewed continuously ? Supply leadtime is a fixed constant L ? There is no fixed cost associated with placing an order ? Orders that cannot be fulfilled immediately from on-hand inventory are backordered 2 The Base-Stock Policy ? Start with an initial amount of inventory R. Each time a new demand arrives, place a replenishment order with the supplier. An order placed with the supplier is delivered L units of time after it is placed. ? Because demand is stochastic, we can have multiple orders (inventory on-order) that have been placed but not delivered yet. 3 The Base-Stock Policy ? The amount of demand that arrives during the replenishment leadtime L is called the leadtime demand. ? Under a base-stock policy, leadtime demand and inventory on order are the same. ? When leadtime demand (invent ory on-order) exceeds R, we have backorders. 4 Notation I: inventory level, a random variable B: number of backorders, a random variable X: Leadtime demand (inventory on-order), a random variable IP: inventory position E[I]: Expected inventory level E[B]: Expected backorder level E[X]: Expected leadtime demand E[D]: average demand per unit time (demand rate) 5 Inventory Balance Equation ? Inventory position = on-hand inventory + inventory onorder ââ¬â backorder level 6 Inventory Balance Equation ? Inventory position = on-hand inventory + inventory onorder ââ¬â backorder level ? Under a base-stock policy with base-stock level R, inventory position is always kept at R (Inventory position = R ) IP = I+X ââ¬â B = R E[I] + E[X] ââ¬â E[B] = R 7 Leadtime Demand ? Under a base-stock policy, the leadtime demand X is independent of R and depends only on L and D with E[X]= E[D]L (the textbook refers to this quantity as ? ). ? The distribution of X depends on the distribution of D. 8 I = max[0, I ââ¬â B]= [I ââ¬â B]+ B=max[0, B-I] = [ B ââ¬â I]+ Since R = I + X ââ¬â B, we also have Iââ¬âB=Rââ¬âX I = [R ââ¬â X]+ B =[X ââ¬â R]+ 9 ? E[I] = R ââ¬â E[X] + E[B] = R ââ¬â E[X] + E[(X ââ¬â R)+] ? E[B] = E[I] + E[X] ââ¬â R = E[(R ââ¬â X)+] + E[X] ââ¬â R ? Pr(stocking out) = Pr(X ? R) ? Pr(not stocking out) = Pr(X ? R-1) ? Fill rate = E(D) Pr(X ? R-1)/E(D) = Pr(X ? R-1) 10 Objective Choose a value for R that minimizes the sum of expected inventory holding cost and expected backorder cost, Y(R)= hE[I] + bE[B], where h is the unit holding cost per unit time and b is the backorder cost per unit per unit time. 11 The Cost Function Y (R) ? hE[ I ] ? bE[ B] ? h( R ? E[ X ] ? E[B]) ? bE[ B] ? h( R ? E[ X ]) ? (h ? b) E[ B] ? h( R ? E[ D]L) ? (h ? b)E ([ X ? R]? ? h( R ? E[ D]L) ? (h ? b)? x ? R ( x ? R) Pr( X ? x) ? 12 The Optimal Base-Stock Level The optimal value of R is the smallest integer that satisfies Y (R ? 1) ? Y ( R) ? 0. 13 Y ( R ? 1) ââ¬â Y ( R) ? h ? R ? 1 ? E[ D]L ? ? (h ? b)? x? R? 1 ( x ? R ? 1) Pr( X ? x ) ? h ? R ? E[ D]L ? ? (h ? b)? x ? R ( x ? R) Pr( X ? x) ? h ? (h ? b)? x? R? 1 ? ( x ? R ? 1) ? ( x ? R) ? Pr( X ? x) ? h ? (h ? b)? x ? R? 1 Pr( X ? x) ? h ? (h ? b) Pr( X ? R ? 1) ? h ? (h ? b) ? 1 ? Pr( X ? R) ? ? ? b ? (h ? b) Pr( X ? R) ? ? ? ? 14 Y ( R ? 1) ââ¬â Y ( R) ? 0 ? ?b ? (h ? ) Pr( X ? R) ? 0 b ? Pr( X ? R) ? b? h Choosing the smallest integer R that satisfies Y(R+1) ââ¬â Y(R) ? 0 is equivalent to choosing the smallest integer R that satisfies b Pr( X ? R) ? b? h 15 Example 1 ? Demand arrives one unit at a time according to a Poisson process with mean ?. If D(t) denotes the amount of demand that arrives in the interval of time of length t, then (? t) x e t P r( D ( t ) ? x ) ? , x ? 0. x! ? Leadtime demand, X, can be shown in this case to also have the Poisson distribution with (? L ) x e L P r( X ? x ) ? , E [ X ] ? L , and V ar ( X ) ? ? L . x! 16 The Normal Approximation ? If X can be approximated by a normal distribution, then: R * ? E ( D ) L ? z b /( b ? h ) V ar ( X ) Y ( R *) ? ( h ? b ) V ar ( X )? ( z b /( b ? h ) ) ? In the case where X has the Poisson distribution with mean ? L R * ? ? L ? z b /( b ? h ) ? L Y ( R *) ? ( h ? b ) ? L ? ( z b /( b ? h ) ) 17 Example 2 If X has the geometric distribution with parameter ? , 0 ? ? ? 1 P ( X ? x ) ? ? x (1 ? ? ). ? E[X ] ? 1? ? Pr( X ? x ) ? ? x Pr( X ? x ) ? 1 ? ? x ? 1 18 Example 2 (Continuedâ⬠¦) The optimal base-stock level is the smallest integer R* that satisfies Pr( X ? R * ) ? b b? h ln[ b ] b ? h ? 1 ln[ ? ] ? 1? ? R * ? 1 b ? ? R* ? b? h b ? ? ln[ ]? ? * b? h ? R ? ln[ ? ] ? ? ? ? 19 Computing Expected Backorders ? It is sometimes easier to first compute (for a given R), E[I ] ? ? R x? 0 ( R ? x ) Pr( X ? x ) and then obtain E[B]=E[I] + E[X] ââ¬â R. ? For the case where leadtime demand has the Poisson distribution (with mean ? = E(D)L), the following relationship (for a fixed R) applies E[B]= ? Pr(X=R)+(? -R)[1-Pr(X? R)] 20
Thursday, January 9, 2020
Wednesday, January 1, 2020
President Donald Trump - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 416 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/03/27 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Donald Trump Essay Did you like this example? He went from businessman to modern-day Hitler. Trump has many corruptions, fraud, obstruction of justice, and broken campaign promises. Trump, for example, has a conflict of interest in his business models and institutions are facing scrutiny from members of Congress because of his Pro Russian and Ties to countries with authoritarian policies. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "President Donald Trump" essay for you Create order He doesnt have a traditional presidency cause of his failure to follow protocol, and his handling of administrative power. He doesnt want to release his tax return history. Trump abuses his power of the executive branch. Trump has always been the leader of something in the public eye before becoming President. He was the leader of his familys real estate company in 1971. He co-authored several books, including The Art of the Deal. He owned the Miss Universe and Miss USA beauty pageants from 1996 to 2015, and he produced and hosted the reality television show, The Apprentice, from 2003 to 2015. Forbes estimates his net worth to be $3.1 billion. Trump has always been a rich man working his way up in the world. He won the election because many people didnt vote and the few that did were males who believed that men should rule and racist believing he would make America great again. The false rumors on social media helped out with the election because ;instead, of doing research people based their opinions off things they read on Facebook. Trump has made many broken promises, to create an affordable healthcare, and he claimed to make America better. Trump has caused nothing but trouble since winning the election. He should not be in office again; otherwise, America will have a lot to fear. Trump came into office and took over and made republicans who were in office leave. Candidate Trump had two strategies to reduce the debt. He promised to grow the economy 6 percent annually to increase tax revenues. Once in office, he lowered his growth estimate to 3.5 percent to 4 percent. If you look at Trumps history, you learn many things about him. He seems to have always been good with words and convicting people to do things. Trump is not a perfect man no one is but, he is a great liar. CNN says You could write an encyclopedia about the ways in which Barack Obama is different from his successor, Donald Trump. On Saturday, Michelle Obama provided a more concise explanation for what distinguishes the two presidents from one another: Obama put country first; Trump puts himself first. Telling us how wrong Trump is for us.
Tuesday, December 24, 2019
The Amendment Should Be Banned Essay - 1758 Words
The US constitution is the blueprint of many other constitutions around the world. Our constitution is the cornerstone of many other countries bill of rights, even if they donââ¬â¢t follow it word for word the inspiration is clearly visible. The 2nd amendment ââ¬Å"the right to bear armsâ⬠is something that isnââ¬â¢t seen in many other constitutions, and in the US there is major debate on it ranging from the interpretation, if guns should be banned, should anyone be allowed a weapon no questions asked, it goes on and on with no end in sight. I feel the 2nd amendment should be modified to include gun regulations, because other amendments were changed and updated for current times, regulations will prevent guns from ending up in hands of criminals, and regulations will not stop law abiding citizens from owning a weapon. Adding some extra words to the 2nd amendment will end debate over little things, and make all reasonable people happy. The current second amendment is written as follows ââ¬Å"A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringedâ⬠, these words have been written as such for two-hundred-twenty-five years, it is overdue and update. An article on scholastic.com gives a brief list of changes made to the constitution and why the changes were made ââ¬Å"You may have heard the U.S. Constitution called a living document.â⬠Though it may seem like a dry piece of paper to you, it really is designed to liveShow MoreRelatedNineteen Reasons Why By Jay Asher1710 Words à |à 7 Pagesinspired to write Thirteen Reasons Why from a lot of young adult fiction novels which was soon to become a well-known novel. The novel is about suicide and it includes other mature content, this means that it is on the line of being challenged or banned. Banned books is a common topic that constantly causes protests. Joining it, there are as well challenged books which are both two different things. Banning books is the removal of the materials. Challenging books is the attempt to remove or restrictRead MoreBooks Like The Harry Potter Series, Go Ask Alice, Or The Hunger Games1417 Words à |à 6 PagesOne can only imagine what a banned book consist of, is it drugs, sex, racial issues, or witchcraft? The answer is it could be all of the above. Chances are, you have once read and maybe even declared a banned book your favorite book. Books like the Harry Potter series, Go Ask Alice, or The Hunger Games series are all on the banned book list. These books are often removed from schools or public library shelves. ââ¬Å"For many years, American schools have been pressured to restrict or deny students accessRead MoreBan Banning A Great Deal969 Words à |à 4 PagesBook banning is something that should be done away with in schools. It hurt s everyone, and the only time it is appropriate is if the book is deemed to be truly inappropriate for children by students, teachers, parents, and everyone else that deals with children for reasons related to obscenity and an imminent clear and present danger. In the outside world, public libraries and such cannot ban books. First amendment affects book banning a great deal. The US first amendment makes it very hard to ban booksRead MoreGun Laws Should Not Be Banned1426 Words à |à 6 Pageskilling people. Society wants to ban guns because people are afraid when in actuality guns themselves are not the things that need to be banned. Even then do you have any proof the gun laws actually lower crime? Gun laws also go directly against the 2nd Amendment and it takes away one of the best means of self-defense from invaders and criminals. Therefore gun laws should not be put in place. Guns donââ¬â¢t kill people, people kill people. We have a right to bear arms and is not something that can just beRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Uncle Tom s Cabin 1058 Words à |à 5 Pagestopics from being released to the public. Books are banned in America because of litigious topics such as drug use, homosexuality, cultural insensitivity, sexual content, political viewpoint, religion, or other controversial topics. Uncle Tomââ¬â¢s Cabin gives the reader an insight int o the lives of a group of fictitious slaves as they tend to their ââ¬Ëmastersââ¬â¢ and attempt to escape slavery. Uncle Tomââ¬â¢s Cabin was written in a time of great tension and was banned because of the controversy of the topic of slaveryRead MoreDefense Of The Federal Mafia1320 Words à |à 6 PagesSchiffââ¬â¢s book was intended to motivate people to fight income taxes. This book was banned after the information in it was declared fraudulent by the federal court. The Federal Mafia has received much criticism because its intention is to teach people how to avoid income taxes, however, this book provides information that people deserves to know about the federal government. Critics contend that Schiffââ¬â¢s book should be banned since it contains fraudulent instructions on how to avoid income taxes. ChapterRead MoreThe Mystery Of The Unicorn Hunters903 Words à |à 4 Pagesspreadsheet to create a table of the Top Ten Banned Words for the entire classââ¬â¢s data, but while creating the table, I was more interested in some of the other words that were not on the Top 10 list. After analyzing the Master List of Banned Words, I disagreed with many of the surprising words on it, such as some of the nouns, adjectives, and names. In my opinion, I believe that many of the words on the banned words list were wrongly banned. It seems people banned words purely because they had the abilityRead MoreThe Catcher In the Rye Should Not be Banned Essay789 Words à |à 4 Pages The Catcher In the Rye Should Not be Banned nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; Since its publication in 1951, The Catcher In the Rye, written by J.D. Salinger has served as a conflagration for debate and extreme controversy. Although the novel has been the target of scornful criticism, it has also been the topic of wide discussion. The novel portrays the life of sixteen year old, Holden Caufield. Currently in psychiatric care, Holden recalls what happened to him last Christmas. At the beginningRead MoreEssay on Book Banning and First Amendment Right1686 Words à |à 7 Pages What is a banned book? A banned book is a book that has been removed from the shelves; it could be from a library, classroom, or even the bookstore because of its content. A book could be banned for many reasons, but it could be banned because it contains sex, violence, inappropriate language, religious viewpoints, witch craft, and many more things because other people deem it inappropriate. When someone bans a book they ban it for everyone else too. The First Amendment states that Congress shallRead MoreCensorship is in Contradiction to Childrenââ¬â¢s Rights Essay examples819 Words à |à 4 Pageseven dancing. Schools protect children from inappropriate media in school. Books are banned from student curriculum due to sexual situations or religious beliefs. It may be comforting to some adults to know that our children are protected by our churches and schools. This is especially the case when a parent is paying for a private education. Is it shocking to know that many pieces of classic literature are banned from classrooms even public school classrooms and libraries? The books Animal Farm
Monday, December 16, 2019
Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission (Maven) Free Essays
Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission (MAVEN) The red planet Mars has long been a cultural and scientific fascination. People have pondered for decades over the biological potential of the planet and its past. Geological features on Mars resembling dry riverbeds, and the discovery of minerals that form in the presence of water, suggest that Mars once had a thicker atmosphere and was warm enough to allow liquid water to flow on the surface. We will write a custom essay sample on Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission (Maven) or any similar topic only for you Order Now But phenomenally, the Mars that is seen today is radically different ââ¬â barren, lifeless, and dry. Why? In hopes of uncovering the answers to these mysteries, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) will launch its newest mission to Mars, the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission (MAVEN). Set to launch in November 18, 2013, MAVEN has been given the task of exploring the Martian upper atmosphere, the planetââ¬â¢s ionosphere and its interactions with the sun and solar wind. NASA) It will be the first mission devoted to this understanding. According to NASA, MAVEN data will be used to determine how the loss of volatile compounds (such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and water) from Marsââ¬â¢s atmosphere to space has influenced the evolution of the planetââ¬â¢s atmosphere and climate. Clearly, the mission is expected to provide insights into liquid water and habitability on the red planet. The means by which the data harvested by MAVEN will a chieve its primary scientific objectives have been determined. Scientists plan to infer how the Martian atmosphere changed over the course of time by measuring the current rate of escape to space of atmospheric gases and understanding the ways by which they do. (Wikipedia) To extract information on Mars, the four hundred eighty-five million dollar MAVEN space probe has been equipped with the latest scientific instruments, processed into three different instrumental suite packages. (NASA Science) One of which includes the Particles and Field Package. This specific package will be largely responsible for measuring solar wind, ionospheric electrons and magnetic fields, and magnetosheath ion density and velocity. Another package included is the Remote Sensing Package, which contains an ultraviolet spectrometer that will be used to measure the global characteristics of Marsââ¬â¢s upper atmosphere and ionosphere. The final package, the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer Package, will have the work of assigning measurements to the composition and isotopes of neutral gases and ions found in the planetââ¬â¢s atmosphere. With these instruments, MAVEN will gather substantial atmospheric information from its orbit 3,870 miles above the planetââ¬â¢s surface. (Wikipedia) Currently, scientists believe that Mars may have lost most of its atmosphere due to a process known as ââ¬Å"sputtering,â⬠by which high-energy photons from the sun transform molecules into ions that are eventually carried out of the atmosphere and away from the planet by the magnetic fields generated by solar winds. NASA) The objective of the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission (MAVEN) is expected to provide evidence for the mentioned theory. While that may only be an expectation, one thing is for sure, in discovering the answers to the mysteries of Mars, we as humans will too certainly extend our senses as a whole in our quest to understand the secrets of our origins, and the destiny that lies ahead. How to cite Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission (Maven), Essay examples
Sunday, December 8, 2019
Economics Analysis of the US Economy (2004-2013)
Question: Describe about product output performance analysis and labour market analysis and price level analysis? Answer: Introduction The United States is regarded as the largest economy throughout the world. The US represents and forms 22% of global nominal GDP and around 17% of global GDP. The currency of the US which is the US dollar is the popular currency which is used for international transactions and is regarded as the reserve currency. The characteristics of the US economy can be defined as a mixed economy. The economy of the US has depicted to be stable in terms of GDP rate of growth, unemployment rate was moderate and the economy has experienced huge level of capital investments. (Data.worldbank.org, 2015) Product output performance analysis: GDP annual growth rate: The annual GDP growth rate in the country was averaged around 3.24 per cent, estimated from the year 1948 to 2014. The highest GDP annual growth rate was experienced in the year 1950 which was about 13.4 per cent and the lowest GDP annual growth rate was as low as -4.1 per cent for the year 2009 in the second quarter. This annual growth rate of GDP for the country US is estimated and reported by the US Bureau of Economic Analysis. (Tradingeconomics.com, 2015) From the chart we see that the lowest annual GDP growth rate is shown in the year 2009 and the overall rate is somewhat stable and consistent. This shows that the US is ranked at the first country to have the highest GDP. Based on the GDP growth rate we see decline in more than one year. As from the chart we conclude that GDP growth rate was negative in the years 2008, 2009 and 2011 which infers that the decline in the GDP growth rate is due to the upturn in the volume of imports, decline in the government spending and also a low level of investment during these years. (Tradingeconomics.com, 2015) As depicted from the chart that the lowest GDP per capita had occurred in the years 2005 and 2010. The highest GDP per capita is found to be in the year 2018 which is around 45431 (in US Dollar at Constant Prices). (Tradingeconomics.com, 2015) This also attributed to the fact the there was substantial increase in the level of imports in the years when the GDP per Capita is quite low. Labour market analysis and price level analysis: The labour market analysis can be made based on the level of unemployment in the economy. The unemployment rate measures the number people who are not working but are seeking for job. The unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force. Over the years we see that the unemployment rate was quite low for the years 2004 to 2008. But from the year 2009 to where the unemployment rate was highest in the year 2010, the rate seemed not top barge from the high levels. This reveals that the people who are not getting jobs or people who have lost their jobs are high during these years. This can be interpreted as the reason behind the decline in the level of GDP for these same years. We have already stated that for these years, the level of capital investment declined. This meant that there was no substantial generation of job opportunities in the economy which reveals that people of the US was not getting jobs and thus remained unemployed. This drove the rate of unemployment high in these years especially in the year2009-2010. (Tradingeconomics.com, 2015) The chart reveals that the labour force participation is declining from the year 2004 to 2013. The lowest labour force participation would be for the years after 2013. But another striking feature of this graph is that the rate is somewhat consistent from the year 2005 to 2008 thereafter the rate has declined. The economy the US was down turning in most aspects which brought about a lot of stagnation in the economy. This was followed by the low investment rate and the increase in the unemployment rate that depicted the decline in the labour force participation. (Tradingeconomics.com, 2015) The growth in wages has also revealed the same type of trend. The wage growth is negative for the year 2009 when the GDP had declined and the unemployment rate was low. Since the economy was not in a good situation to attract investment and generate job opportunities. This took a toll in lowering the wage rate to attract workers so that they join the jobs rather than sit idle and do nothing. Thus, the wage declined resulting in a negative wage growth. (Tradingeconomics.com, 2015) Considering the conditions of the economy the price level is an important indicator of the development of the economy of the US. The chart shows that the year 2009 has seen a fall in the inflation rate and the highest rate of inflation is depicted in the year 2008. We can say that there was drastic change in the overall price index within a short span of time between the years 2008 and 2009. (Tradingeconomics.com, 2015) The consumer price index for the years 2004 to 2013 has revealed interesting characteristics. The consumer price index is seen rising for the following years. Now consumer price index actually measures the changes in the price level of a basket of goods purchased by individuals for a period of time. From the calculation of the consumer price index we can measure the inflation rate. But the inflation rate has shown rather a same result. Inflation rate has declined in the year 2009 and so did the consumer price index which has also slightly declined in the year 2009. The graph for consumer price index and the inflation rate is somewhat identical. (Tradingeconomics.com, 2015) Conclusion Analysis the data from the years 2004 to 2013 reveals that the US has experienced downfall during the year 2008-2009. During the year the GDP growth rate, GDP per capita and even the wage growth rate was quite low. Considering the price level analysis the consumer price index and the inflation rate has also declined in this year. The labour market conditions tell us that the unemployment rate and the labour force participation is quite low. Thus, we can say that the economy of the US was more or less consistent over the years 2004 to 2013 except for the year 2009 in which the economy of the US was down. References Data.worldbank.org, (2015).United States | Data. [online] Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/country/united-states [Accessed 12 Mar. 2015]. Tradingeconomics.com, (2015).United States Consumer Price Index (CPI) | 1950-2015 | Data | Chart. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-states/consumer-price-index-cpi [Accessed 12 Mar. 2015]. Tradingeconomics.com, (2015).United States GDP Annual Growth Rate | 1948-2015 | Data | Chart | Calendar. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-states/gdp-growth-annual [Accessed 12 Mar. 2015]. Tradingeconomics.com, (2015).United States GDP Growth Rate | 1947-2015 | Data | Chart | Calendar. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-states/gdp-growth [Accessed 12 Mar. 2015]. Tradingeconomics.com, (2015).United States GDP per capita | 1960-2015 | Data | Chart | Calendar. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-states/gdp-per-capita [Accessed 12 Mar. 2015]. Tradingeconomics.com, (2015).United States Inflation Rate | 1914-2015 | Data | Chart | Calendar. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-states/inflation-cpi [Accessed 12 Mar. 2015]. Tradingeconomics.com, (2015).United States Labor Force Participation Rate | 1950-2015 | Data | Chart. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-states/labor-force-participation-rate [Accessed 12 Mar. 2015]. Tradingeconomics.com, (2015).United States Unemployment Rate | 1948-2015 | Data | Chart | Calendar. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-states/unemployment-rate [Accessed 12 Mar. 2015]. Tradingeconomics.com, (2015).United States Wages and Salaries Growth | 1960-2015 | Data | Chart. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-states/wage-growth [Accessed 12 Mar. 2015].
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)